Research Review

Factors Associated with Juvenile Myopia

June 1, 2020

By Dwight Akerman, OD, MBA, FAAO

Many studies have reported the possible environmental, behavioral, and genetic risk factors for myopia, but the strength of these associations is often weak, and some prior results are often contradictory. To address these concerns, researchers collected data from 15,316 Chinese students aged 6 to 18 years, randomly selected from 19 schools in Beijing. The researchers administered a questionnaire to all participants that was designed to evaluate the genetic, environmental, and behavioral risk factors of myopia.

Myopia was associated with shorter sleep times versus longer sleep times (adjusted  Odds Ratio [OR]  =  3.37; 95 percent CI  3.07 –  3.70), and the multivariate OR for two compared with no parents with myopic was 2.83 (95 percent CI  2.47 –  3.24)  and  1.95 (95 percent CI  1.69 – 2.24)  for reading or writing distances less than  33 cm compared to distances greater than 33 cm. Controlling for other factors, children who slept for shorter periods had significantly more myopic refractions  (−1.69D vs. −1.29D  for children with longer sleeping time per day.)

The researchers concluded that parental myopia, reading or writing distances, and time spent on studying were dominant risk factors associated with juvenile-onset myopia.

Abstract
Parental myopia, near work, hours of sleep and myopia in Chinese children

Yanhong Gong, Xiulan Zhang, Donghua Tian, Dafang Wang, Gexing Xiao

Background/Aims: Juvenile myopia is a serious problem in China, the prevalence of which stays at a high level and shows an upward trend. The target of this study was to explore the factors associated with myopia in Chinese children.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis in a random sample survey was conducted in Beijing in 2008. The data collected from 15,316 Chinese school students aged 6 to 18 years, randomly selected from 19 schools were evaluated, including noncycloplegic refraction and possible genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors, to explore the key risk factors for myopia. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the OR values, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to compare the differences among the areas under the ROC curves using the method of multiple comparison with the best.

Results: Myopia was associated with shorter sleep times versus longer sleep times (adjusted OR = 3.37; 95 percent CI 3.07 – 3.70), and the multivariate OR for two compared with no parents with myopic was 2.83 (95 percent CI 2.47 – 3.24) and 1.95 (95 percent CI 1.69 – 2.24) for reading or writing distances less than 33 cm compared to distances greater than 33 cm. Controlling for other factors, children that slept for shorter periods of time had significantly more myopic refractions (−1.69D vs. −1.29D for children with longer sleeping time per day). Analysis of the areas under the ROC curves showed five variables with predictable values better than chance: age, sleeping time, reading or writing distance,  hours of studying, and parental myopia.

Conclusion: It was not surprising, as proved by other studies, that parental myopia, reading, or writing distances, time spent on studying, or other activities by using eyes were dominant risk factors associated with juvenile myopia. Our findings indicated that hours of sleeping were also closely related to juvenile myopia, in which the underlying mechanism should be explored in the future study.

Gong, Y., Zhang, X., Tian, D., Wang, D., & Xiao, G. (2014). Parental myopia, near work, hours of sleep and myopia in Chinese children. Health, 2014

 

http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2014.61010

 

To Top